Prepositional Phrase

Prepositional Phrase

Definition: a prepositional phrase is the preposition an the noun following it.

The preposition is in the head position,and the noun is in the complement position.

Here are other examples of preposition phrase:

-       The man is from Japan

-       We will discuss the matter after breakfast

-       She put the book on the table

Perfect tense

       Perfect tense to respond & express the meaning nuance & the rhetorical steps within the short functional & simple monolog essay taxt in the form. Perfect tense is formed by combining have/has with the main verb past participle form : I have arrived

	Have/has + past participle

1)      Regular verb. Add +ed or +d on past& past participle

Ex : I have cleaned the blackboard

2)      Irregular verb

      Ex :  - Buy → Bought

-   do→ done

-   get→ got

-   etc.

(+) The students have entered tha classs

(-)  The student have not entered the class

(?)  Have the students entered the class ?

(+) S + have / has + VIII

(-)  S +have / has  +not + VIII

(?)  Have / Has + S + VIII ?

Diposkan oleh Tia Utami Anditia di 01:47

Present Tense

       Present Tense  to respond & express the meaning within simple monologue text that use the variety of writing accurate, fluently, & uses in habitual activities to access knowledge in recount text.

A.     Verbal Sentence

Affirmative Form

(+) S + V_I ( +es / +s ) + object + adverb

Negative Form 

 (-) S + do/does + not +V_I + object + adverb

Interrogative Form 

 (?) Do/does + S + V_I + object + adverb ?

B.     Non Verbal Sentence

Affirmative Form

(+) S + to be + noun/ adjective/adverb

Negative Form

(-) S + to be + not + noun /adjective/adverb

Interrogative Form

            (?) To be + S + noun/adjective/adverb ?

Past Tense

Past Tense
Past tense is to tell the events or incidents at the past time.
Past tense is used :

• When the speaker thinks of an activity or state as occurred and complete at a specific time in the past
• For a non-fact in the present or future  time.This is traditionally called the” subjunctive mood “.

Example : If I had the money now,I’d buy a car.

• To refer a single event on the past

Example : I called Mary last night.

• The past habitual action.

Example : We went to school together,and we shared many experinces.

The  Simple Past Tense
Simple Past Tense is kind of tense which is used to describe an event or action that happened already in a certain time in the past.
Adverbs used: yesterday,last night ,last week,two days ago,a few minutes ago,last weekend ,last month ,last years,in 1984,etc

• Simple past for regular verbs is added by- ed to the root of a word.

Example : She worked at the office yesterday.

• A negation is produced by adding did not and the verb in its infinitive form.

Example : She did not work at the office yesterday.

Question sentence are started with did as in Did  she work at the office yesterday ?
Verbal
There are two pattern of Simple Past Tense :
1.( + ) Subject + verb II + complement
( -  ) Subject + did not + verb I + complement
( ?  ) Did + subject + verb I ?
Nominal
2. ( + ) Subject + to be ( was/were ) + Object
( – ) Subject + to be ( was/were ) + Not + Object
( ? ) To be ( was/ were ) + Subject + Object ?
Past Continuonus Tense
Past Continuonus Tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an event or an action which was happening in a certain in the past.
As with the present tense,the continuous aspect that the activity is in progress ,or that it is uncompleted ,at  the specified time.
The Pattern :
( +  ) Subject + to be ( was/were ) + verb – ing + complement
(  -  ) Subject + was not / were not + verb- ing + complement
( ?   ) Was/were + subject + verb-ing + complement ?

ANNOUNCEMENT

Announcement is something said, written, or printed to make known what has happened or (more often) 

Announcement adalah sebuah pemberitahuan atau sebuah pengunguman ...

Misalnya pengumuman libur sekolah dll.... 

* In Writing an announcement keep following this point :

1. The title / type of event.

2. Date / time, place.

3. Contact person. 

* We can find the announcement on :

1. Television.

2. Radio.

3. Newspaper.                                                           

4. Billboard.

5. Megazine.

6. etc.

* An announcement usually starts with an expression yo get peoples attention, such as " Attention, please ". It 

usually ended with an expression of thanking

Greeting

GREETINGS

Greeting is an act of communication  in which human beings (as well as other members of the animal kingdom) intentionally  make their presence known to each other, to show attention to, and to suggest a type of relationship or social status between individuals or groups of people coming in contact with each other. While greeting customs  are highly culture- and situation-specific and may change within a culture depending on social status and relationship, they exist in all known human cultures. Greetings can be expressed both audibly and physically, and often involve a combination of the two. This topic excludes military and ceremonial salutes but includes rituals other than gestur

es.

  



Greeting adalah bagaimana cara kita menyapa atau menyambut seseorang...  

Greetings can in the form of :
-, Written
-, Voice mail
-, Card                                                           

Example of greetings :
-, Greetings.
1. Good morning, good day, good afternoon, good evening
*biasanya di pakai ketika bertemu seseorang*

-, Introducing.
1. Let me introduce my self, ...
2. Hi, my name is (your name).
*kalau FORMAL, harus diawali dengan EXCUSE ME, bla...bla...bla...*

-, Leave taking.
1. Good night
*biasa dipakai ketika ingin berpisah atau salam pengantar tidur, yaa, kaya di pelem-pelem barat*
2. See you tomorrow.
3. See you later.

Present Tense

Present tense is simple form which used to express situation going into effect.

Present tense adalah bentuk (kalimat) sederhana yang digunakan untuk situasi yang berlaku (sekarang).

Simple present tense is used for :

• Express habit, general truths, repeated actions or unchanging situation, emotions and whised.

• Give instruction or direction.

• To express arrangement.

Dalam menggunakan Present tense kita juga harus menggunakan rumus

PATTERNS (Using verbs)

(+)  SUBJECT + VERB₁ + COMPLEMENT/OBJECT.

(-)   SUBJECT + DO/DOES + NOT + VERB₁ + COMPLEMENT/OBJECT.

(?)   DO/DOES + SUBJECT + VERB₁ + COMPLEMENT 

PATTERNS (using be)

(+)   SUBJECT + TO BE (IS, AM, ARE) + COMPLEMENT.

(-)    SUBJECT + TO BE (IS, AM, ARE) + NOT + COMPLEMENT.

(?)    TO BE (IS, AM, ARE) + SUBJECT + COMPLEMENT.

Example:

(+) 1. Idrink coffee
      2. She drinks coffe   

(-)  1. I do not drink coffee.
       2. She does not drink coffee

(?)  1. Do you drink cofee?

1.                   2. DOES She drink coffee?

2.        

Untuk I, WE, YOU, THEY tambah DO
Untuk SHE, HE, IT, Doni, Kira tambah DOES